Injection charges

Commissioned by TenneT

Lion Hirth, Anselm Eicke, Vlada Maksimova

With Consentec

2025

Countries such as the Netherlands are discussing injection charges – grid fees on generators – as a means to recover the large costs of offshore grid connections, partly from foreign consumers. With our partner Consentec, we provided Dutch TSO TenneT with an economic assessment. Injection charges only recover costs across borders if they raise wholesale prices and the country remains an exporter. Moderate energy-based charges may achieve some cost recovery, but capacity-based charges do not work and create price and investment risks; a unilateral introduction pushes production and investment abroad.